Садуақас  Әйгерім  Бауыржанқызы

Қарағанды қ. № 91 жалпы білім беретін орта мектептің,

«Ботақан»шағын орталығының

ағылшын  пәнінің мұғалімі

My Motherland is Kazakhstan . It is the country  Which is situated in the centre of the Eurasian  continent. It is the country  of  free people.                              Kazakhstan is an extremely beautiful land. There are the  majestic  Zailiysky  Alatau  mountains, the powerful rivers: The Yrtysh, the Syrdarya and the Amudarya, and the endless steppes. Kazakhstan is the country where many nations live in peace. You can find different kinds of treasures: rare beautiful animals, plants, minerals- on the endless space of our country.  I love my Kazakhstan  very much. And  I believe that you will love it too if you come here.

Kazakhstan, officially Republic of Kazakhstan, has the population of 15,186,000 people and territory 2,719,500 sq km, is situated in central Asia. It borders on Siberian Russia in the north, China in the east, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan in the south, and the Caspian Sea and European Russia in the west. Astana is the capital and Almaty (Alma-Ata) is the largest city. Other major cities include Shymkent, Semey, Aqtobe, and Oskemen.

Kazakhstan consists of a vast flatland, bordered by a high mountain belt in the southeast. It extends from the lower Volga and the Caspian Sea in the west to the Altai Mts. in the east. It is largely lowland in the north and west, hilly in the center (Kazakh Hills), and mountainous in the south and east (Tian Shan and Altai ranges). Kazakhstan is a region of inland drainage; the Syr Darya, the Ili, the Chu, and other rivers drain into the Aral Sea and Lake Balkash. Most of the region is desert or has limited and irregular rainfall.

The population of Kazakhstan consists mainly of Muslim Kazakhs and Russians; there are smaller minorities of Ukrainians, Germans, Uzbeks, and Tatars. Kazakh, a Turkic language, is the official tongue, but Russian is still widely used.                Despite Kazakhstan’s largely arid conditions, its vast steppes accommodate both livestock and grain production. Wheat, cotton, sugar beets, and tobacco are the main crops. The raising of cattle and sheep is also important, and Kazakhstan produces much wool and meat. In addition, there are rich fishing grounds, famous for their caviar-producing sturgeon, in the Caspian, although these have been hurt by overfishing.

The Kazakh Hills in the core of the region have important mineral resources. Coal is mined at Qaraghandy and Ekibastuz, and there are major oil fields in the Emba basin. The country’s industries are located along the margins of the country. Steel, agricultural and mining machinery, superphosphate fertilizers, phosphorus acids, artificial fibers, synthetic rubber, textiles, and medicines are among the manufactured goods. Temirtau is the iron and steel center. The Baikonur (Bayqongyr) Cosmodrome in central Kazakhstan was the Soviet space-operations center and continues to serve Russian space exploration through an agreement between the two nations. The main trading partners are Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

I want to tell you about my homeland. My homeland is Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is an independent Republic. It is situated in the Central Asia. Its population, is 16 million. All people of Kazakhstan have equal rights and duties. Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan. The territory of Kazakhstan is huge. It borders on China in the East and the Caspian Sea in the West, Russian in the North and the states of Asia in the South. The republic occupies the territory of more than 2 million square kilometers. . Kazakhstan has 14 regions, 84 cities.

The earth of Kazakhstan is full of iron and gold, coal, nickel and raw materials. Also Kazakhstan is rich in mineral resources. These reserves formed a solid base for the development of heavy industry. The leading branch of agriculture is the production of wheat, sheep rising, and horse breeding. Kazakh-is the official language of the country, but Russian and other languages are spoken here too. Kazakhstan has hundreds of nationalities that’s why all people speak their native language.

Great attention is paid to the development of culture and education the Kazakhstan University, the Opera and Ballet Theater named after Abai Kunanbayev are well known.

There are many big industrial centers in Kazakhstan such as Karaganda, Almaty, Semey, and Shymkent.

Kazakhstan is the place where space dreams and projects have come into reality. The name of Baikonur is known all over the world. We are proud of Kazakhstan and hope it will have a great future. Our president now is Nursultan Nazarbayev. The president is elected every seven years.

The climate is strongly continental. KZ- has its own flag, anthem and national traditions and holidays. I think the most important holiday in our country is- Nayris. The Day of Republic is on the 25th of October. I’m proud of my country.

Political System of  Kazakhstan                                                                                          Having gained the political independence Kazakhstan became a democratic republic with presidential form of government. The President is elected. The Power in the Republic consists of two branches- legislative power represented by the Parliament and executive power represented by the President and the government. The Parliament consists of two chambers-the Upper Chamber-Senate and the Lower Chamber – Majilis. The Senate is formed by 47 deputies .Majilis consists of 107 deputies, elected according to Parties lists and members and members of Kazakhstan’s Peoples Assembly. The period between parliamentary elections is four years. The Government implements the executive power in the country. It is headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the approval of the Parliament. The Government is responsible for its work to the President and is accountable to the Parliament. The Supreme Court and the local courts of the state execute the judicial system of the republic. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body on civil and criminal cases. Control of Constitutional laws is implemented by the Constitutional Council, which consists of 7 members and is elected for a period of 6 years.

Education in Kazakhstan                                                                                                 The education system in Kazakhstan is overseen by the Ministry of Education and administered at the local level.  Schooling is mandatory for all students between the ages of 6 and 15, although there are several pre-university educational options for students between the ages of 16-18 as well.  Below you will find the various levels that make up Kazakhstan’s system of education, beginning with Kindergarten and culminating with the various higher education opportunities available in the country for students seeking advanced degrees and diplomas.

Economy of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is the largest nation and economy in Central Asia, and theninth largest nation by area in the world. It possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves as well as minerals and metals.It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grainproduction, as well as developed space infrastructure, which took over all launches to the International Space Station  from the Space Shuttle. The mountains in the  south  are important  for apples and walnuts; both species growwild there. Kazakhstan’s industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and alsoon a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery,and some military items. The breakup of the USSR and the collapse of demad for Kazakhstan’s traditional heavyindustry products have resulted in a sharp contraction of the economy since 1991, with the steepest annual declineoccurring in 1994.

In 1995-1997 the pace of the government program of economic reform and privatization quickened,resulting in a substantial shifting of assets into the private sector. The  December 1996 signing of the CaspianPipeline Consortium agreement to build a new pipeline from western  Kazakhstan’s Tengiz Field to the Black Seaincreases prospects for substantially larger oil exports in several years. Kazakhstan’s econoy turned downward in1998 with a 2.5% decline in GDP growth due to slumping oil prices and the August financial crisis in Russia. A brightspot in 1999 was the recovery of international petroleum prices, which, combined with a welltimed  tengedevaluation and a bumper grain harvest, pulled the economy out of recession.